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Label integrity of cannabidiol consumer products : a matrix-specific review of accuracy, contaminants, and regulatory gaps (2017–2025)

2026-06-17T10:59:52Z

Title: Label integrity of cannabidiol consumer products : a matrix-specific review of accuracy, contaminants, and regulatory gaps (2017–2025) Authors: Szyrner, Karolina; Serracino-Inglott, Anthony; Vella Szijj, Janis Abstract: The global market for cannabidiol (CBD) consumer products is continuing to expand across food, supplement, cosmetic, and inhalable categories, outside the regulatory frameworks applied to authorised medicines. This review assesses the accuracy of CBD label claims and the presence of chemical contaminants across consumer CBD products reported between 2017 and 2025. A narrative literature review of 28 peer-reviewed analytical studies encompassing multiple product matrices was carried out. Studies were categorised according to whether they applied ±10% or ±15% label-accuracy thresholds, or reported only mean deviations from labelled values. Results show that 31.3% (294/937) of products complied with commonly applied label-accuracy threshold within ±10%. Oils and tinctures were most frequently accurately labelled (41.3%, 124/300), whereas edibles (40.5%, 106/262), vape products (24.3%, 28/115), and topicals (13.8%, 36/260) showed pronounced mislabelling, absence of declared CBD, and within-product heterogeneity. Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC), synthetic and semi-synthetic cannabinoids, heavy metals, pesticides, and residual solvents were detected, occasionally at levels exceeding legal or toxicological thresholds. Evidence indicates quality-control deficiencies across the CBD consumer market, with important implications for consumer safety, dosing reliability, and regulatory oversight. Product-category variability suggests inadequate standardisation of manufacturing and labelling practices across formulation matrices. Interpretation of the findings was limited by heterogeneity in analytical methodologies, sampling strategies, reporting practices, and label-accuracy criteria between studies. The detection of mislabelling and contaminants across geographically diverse investigations supports the need for harmonised analytical standards, matrix-specific acceptance criteria, mandatory contaminant screening, and strengthened post-market surveillance to better protect public health.

Emotional experiences and psychological well-being in 51 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

2026-06-17T11:06:59Z

Title: Emotional experiences and psychological well-being in 51 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic Authors: Sun, Rui; Balabanova, Alisa; Bajada, Claude J.; Liu, Yang; Kriuchok, Mariia; Voolma, Silja-Riin; Đurić, Mirna; Mayer, Claude-Hélène; Constantinou, Maria; Chichua, Mariam; Li, Chengcheng; Foster-Estwick, Ashley; Borg, Kurt; Hill, Carin; Kaushal, Rishabh; Diwan, Ketaki; Vitale, Valeria; Engels, Tiarah; Aminudin, Rabiah; Ursu, Irina; Fadhlia, Tengku Nila; Wu, Yi-jung; Sekaja, Lusanda; Hadchity, Milad; Deak, Anita; Sharaf, Shahira; Figueras, Pau; Kaziboni, Anthony; Whiston, Aoife; Ioumpa, Kalliopi; Montelongo, Alfredo; Pauw, Lisanne; Pavarini, Gabriela; Vedernikova, Evgeniya; Vu, TuongVan; Nummenmaa, Lauri; Cong, Yong-Qi; Nikolic, Milica; Olguin, Andrea; Hou, Wai Kai; Israelashvili, Jacob; Koo, Hyunjin J.; Khademi, Samaneh; Ukachukwu, Chinwendu G.; Juma, Damian Omari; Kamiloğlu, Roza G.; Makhmud, Akerke; Sigurdson Lunga, Peter; Rieble, Carlotta; Rizwan, Muhammad; Helmy, Mai; Vuillier, Laura; Manokara, Kunalan; Quezada, Enzo Cáceres; Tserendamba, Delgermend; Yoshie, Michiko; Du, Amy H.; Philip-Joe, Kumba; Kúld, Pála Björk; Damani, Kalifa; Osei-Tutu, Annabella; Sauter, Disa Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic presents challenges to psychological well-being, but how can we predict when people suffer or cope during sustained stress?Here,we test the prediction that specific types of momentary emotional experiences are differently linked to psychological well-being during the pandemic. Study 1 used survey data collected from 24,221 participants in 51 countries during the COVID-19 outbreak. We show that, across countries, wellbeing is linked to individuals’ recent emotional experiences, including calm, hope, anxiety, loneliness, and sadness. Consistent results are found in two age, sex, and ethnicity-representative samples in the United Kingdom (n= 971) and the United States (n= 961) with preregistered analyses (Study 2). A prospective 30-day daily diary study conducted in the United Kingdom (n= 110) confirms the key role of these five emotions and demonstrates that emotional experiences precede changes in well-being (Study 3). Our findings highlight differential relationships between specific types of momentary emotional experiences and well-being and point to the cultivation of calm and hope as candidate routes for well-being interventions during periods of sustained stress. Description: Supplemental Material is available within this record.

Postgraduate pharmacy education contribution to community pharmacists’ confidence in disease management

2026-06-16T10:17:26Z

Title: Postgraduate pharmacy education contribution to community pharmacists’ confidence in disease management Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Pharmacy programmes are increasingly looking towards establishing a patient-centric approach. At the Department of Pharmacy of the University of Malta, the postgraduate Doctorate in Pharmacy (PharmD) degree (EQF level 8) focuses on developing advanced clinical pharmacy skills, supporting professional innovation and embedding pharmaceutical leadership and entrepreneurship. This study examined whether the postgraduate Doctorate programme was associated with community pharmacists’ self-reported confidence in managing patient conditions, using inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as a case study.

Endotoxin exposure associated with respiratory health among European schoolchildren : the SINPHONIE study

2026-06-16T09:54:49Z

Title: Endotoxin exposure associated with respiratory health among European schoolchildren : the SINPHONIE study Authors: Baloch, Ramen Munir; Magyar, Donát; Rudnai, Peter; Pándics, Tamás; Remény-Nagy, Zsuzsanna; Moshammer, Hanns; Leppänen, Hanna; Hyvärinen, Anne; Täubel, Martin; Norbäck, Dan; Gabriel, Marta; Maio, Sara; Baldacci, Sandra; Sarno, Giuseppe; Viegi, Giovanni; Csobod, Eva; de Oliveira Fernandesi, Eduardo; Annesi-Maesano, Isabella; Szuppinger, Péter; Prokai, Réka; Farkas, Petur; Fuzi, Cecilia; Cani, Eduart; Draganic, Jasna; Réka Mogyorosy, Eszter; Korac, Zorica; Ventura, Gabriela; Madureira, Joana; Paciência, Inês; Martins, Anabela; Pereira, Ricardo; Ramos, Elisabete; Páldy, Anna; Dura, Gyula; Beregszászi, Tímea; Vaskövi, Éva; Magyar, Donát; Pándics, Tamás; Remény-Nagy, Zsuzsanna; Szentmihályi, Renáta; Udvardy, Orsolya; Varró, Mihály J.; Kephalopoulos, Stylianos; Kotzias, Dimitrios; Barrero-Moreno, Josefa; Mehmeti, Rahmije; Vilic, Aida; Maestro, Daniel; Hohenblum, Philipp; Goelen, Eddy; Stranger, Marianne; Spruy, Maarten; Sidjimov, Momchil; Hadjipanayis, Adamos; Katsonouri-Sazeides, Andromachi; Demetriou, Eleni; Kubinova, Ruzana; Kazmarová, Helena; Dlouha, Beatricia; Kotlík, Bohumil; Vabar, Helen; Ruut, Juri; Metus, Meelis; Rand, Kristiina; Järviste, Antonina; Nevalainen, Aino; Hyvarinen, Anne; Täubel, Martin; Järvi, Kati; Mandin, Corinne; Berthineau, Bruno; Moriske, Heinz-Joern; Giacomini, Marcia; Neumann, Anett; Bartzis, John; Kalimeri, Krystallia; Saraga, Dikaia; Santamouris, Mattheos; Assimakopoulos, Niki; Asimakopoulos, Vasiliki; Cattaneo, Andrea; Pulvirenti, Salvatore; Vercelli, Franco; Strangi, Fabio; Omeri, Elida; Piazza, Silvia; D’Alcamo, Andrea; Fanetti, Anna Clara; Sestini, Piersante; Kouri, Magdalini; Viegi, Giovanni; Sarno, Giuseppe; Baldacci, Sandra; Maio, Sara; Cerrai, Sonia; Franzitta, Vincenzo; Bucchieri, Salvatore; Cibella, Fabio; Simoni, Marzia; Maugeri, Salvatore; Neri, Margherita; Martuzevičius, Dainius; Krugly, Edvinas; Montefort, Stephen; Fsadni, Peter; Brewczyński, Piotr Z.; Krakowiak, Ewa; Kurek, Jolanta; Kubarek, Elżbieta; Wlazło, Agnieszka; Borrego, Carlos; Alves, Célia; Valente, Joana; Gurzau, Eugen; Rosu, Cristina; Popita, Gabriela; Neamtiu, Iulia; Neagu, Cristina; Norback, Dan; Bohms, Michel; Van Den Hazel, Peter; Cassee, Flemming; de Bruin, Yuri Bruinen; Bartonova, Alena; Yang, Aileen; Halzlová, Katarína; Jajcaj, Michal; Kániková, Milada; Miklankova, Olga; Vítkivá, Marianna; Jovasević-Stojanovic, Milena; Zivkovic, Marija; Stevanovic, Zarko; Lazovic, Ivan; Stevanovic, Zana; Zivkovic, Zorica; Cerovic, Sofija; Jocic- Stojanovic, Jasmina; Mumovic, Dejan; Tarttelin, Paula; Chatzidiakou, Lia; Chatzidiakou, Evangelia Abstract: Background: Evidence on the association between endotoxin exposure and respiratory health in children remains inconsistent, with limited research addressing school environments— key settings for daily exposure. This study investigates the relationship between classroom endotoxin levels and respiratory health among European schoolchildren.; Methods: Within the EU-funded SINPHONIE project, endotoxin concentrations were measured in 285 classrooms across 102 schools in 22 European countries. A total of 5,140 children completed a standardized health questionnaire; 4,633 had endotoxin data, 4,170 performed spirometry, and 746 underwent fractioned exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) testing.; Findings: Endotoxin levels varied geographically, with the highest averages in Italy and the lowest in Finland. After adjusting for confounders, exposure to endotoxin levels at or above the median was associated with higher odds of upper and lower respiratory symptoms—runny nose, nasal obstruction, cough, dry throat, breathing difficulty, and feverishness—as well as reduced lung function (p < 0.05). Meta-analysis by WHO European clusters confirmed these associations, though region-specific analyses indicated a possible protective effect of endotoxin exposure in Northern Europe.; Interpretation: Findings from SINPHONIE highlight classroom endotoxin as a potential environmental determinant of respiratory health. Reducing exposure in schools—currently an overlooked setting—may support respiratory well-being in children and inform future public health policies.