/library/oar/handle/123456789/4610 2025-12-25T16:10:23Z 2025-12-25T16:10:23Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/142373 2025-12-19T14:28:42Z 2005-07-02T00:00:00Z

Title: Din l-Art ħelwa tagħlaq 40 sena Abstract: L-artiklu jfakkar l-40 anniversarju ta’ Din l-Art Ħelwa u jiddiskuti t-twaqqif tagħha fis-snin sittin bħala reazzjoni għall-iżvilupp bla kontroll fil-kampanja Maltija. Juri l-ħidma tal-għaqda fil-konservazzjoni tal-wirt storiku u naturali, ir-restawr ta’ siti importanti u r-rwol tagħha fil-ħolqien ta’ kuxjenza ambjentali fil-pajjiż.

2005-07-02T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/142312 2025-12-17T12:34:54Z 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Delitti fin-Naxxar fis-seklu dsatax Abstract: F'dan l-artiklu jingħata tagħrif dwar delitti li seħħu fuq Naxxarin jew twettqu minn Naxxarin fis-seklu dsatax. Dawn id-delitti seħħu fin-Naxxar jew f'Tuneż u twettqu minn Naxxarin li kienu jgħixu hemm. Description: Part 1 (2019) - Part 2 (2020) - Part 3 (2021) - Part 4 (2022)

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z Michalski, Ryszard /library/oar/handle/123456789/142309 2025-12-17T10:58:48Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Monetary policy of the National Bank of Poland in the context of excess liquidity in credit (depository*) institutions in Poland, 2020-2024 Authors: Michalski, Ryszard Abstract: PURPOSE: This paper looks into the ongoing excess liquidity in Poland’s banking system between 2020 and 2024, investigating its causes, repercussions, and the role of monetary policy in influencing it.; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The study uses official NBP data and statistical reports and employs the central bank’s own methodology for measuring excess liquidity. It utilizes factor decomposition, reserve-ratio analysis, and year-on-year comparisons to assess the effectiveness of monetary policy tools.; FINDINGS: The study demonstrates that monetary policy in this period was largely ineffective in containing excess liquidity. The tools used by the NBP absorbed liquidity only temporarily, while structural factors allowed the surplus to persist and grow.; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The results indicate that without significant changes to the structure of the NBP assets and a reassessment of reserve requirements, Poland’s monetary authorities will continue to struggle to reAduce excess liquidity. This will continue to have immediate effects on controlling inflation as well as on monetary transmission.; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This paper provides a comprehensive account of excess liquidity in Poland’s banking sector during an exceptional period marked by the pandemic and the energy crisis. It highlights the structural weaknesses of current monetary tools and offers insights into possible reforms.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Grzelakowski, Andrzej S. /library/oar/handle/123456789/142308 2025-12-17T10:49:04Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Environmental versus economic effects of inland water freight transport development in the EU Authors: Grzelakowski, Andrzej S. Abstract: PURPOSE: The main aim of the research is to assess the impact of the inland water freight transport development on the EU economy, as well as environment, by comparing it with other modes of transport.; METHODOLOGY: To conduct this data-driven research, the following methods were applied: 1. critical literature analysis, 2 Data mining and analysis, 3. market analysis and 4. comparative analysis.; FINDINGS: The research results indicate that inland water freight transport which share in the EU transport market is already marginal and systematically decreasing, has little importance for the economy of the EU. It plays more significant role for the trasnsport sector and the econom only in a few countries. Simultaneously, this mode of transport generates a relatively low level of GHG emissions. However, this positive feature is losing its importance due to numerous disruptions impacting inland water navigation, lowering its operational potential, caused by unpredictable weather and climatic conditions. As a result, there is a large difference between the economic effects that inland navigation generates for the transport and logistics sector as well as the EU economy on one hand and the regulatory support it receives on the other.; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The disproportionately low economic and environmental benefits of inland waterway freight development compared to other modes of transport indicate the need to shift some of the forms of support provided to it towards rail and intermodal transport. This would be a more efficient path to a faster energy transformation of the EU transport sector, accelerating at the same time economic and social benefits forEUs economy.; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This study indicates the need for a significant change in the regulatory system of the EU transport sector. It should be more strongly reoriented towards the implementation of the sustainable development strategy, and not only, as the regulator currently pushes for, the environmental strategy, which is only its segment based on ecological standards. Without making this change and managing it properly, the EU will not only fail to achieve the assumed energy transformation goals in the transport sector, but also, by continuing the current narrow formula for implementing the sustainable development strategy, lead to deep and, in many cases, negative structural changes of an economic and social nature in transport sector.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z