/library/oar/handle/123456789/71852 2025-12-25T12:37:32Z 2025-12-25T12:37:32Z De Sousa, Miguel Rocha Duarte, Vanessa S. /library/oar/handle/123456789/72318 2021-03-26T06:08:00Z 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Don´t do land reform : a simple theorem Authors: De Sousa, Miguel Rocha; Duarte, Vanessa S. Abstract: We assess the general impact of land reforms on growth using human capital growth models due to Arrow (1962) - the main newness of the paper- after surveying the literature and building a typology. Thus, we conclude that land reform can yet been used as a modern tool to spur growth and development, but with our approach we can define the main limits and constraints that can block this growth. We conclude that a raise in undifferentiated wages after land reform leads to an unrecoverable society welfare loss; thus, yielding a lesson to political agents’ decision-makers elected after land reforms – wage raise land reform should not be used as an electoral motto.

2016-01-01T00:00:00Z Couret Branco, Manuel /library/oar/handle/123456789/72317 2021-03-26T06:06:39Z 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Human rights based approach to land reform Authors: Couret Branco, Manuel Abstract: Many rights, most especially of the second and third generations, are taken as human rights because they constitute a prerequisite to secure recognized other human rights of previous generations. Access to land falls typically under this category and can therefore be regarded among these rights. Indeed, access to land is a precondition for an equal access to food and housing; as an item of cultural liberty, especially critical for indigenous peoples; and as a requirement for gender equality, for instance. Securing access to land often means transferring land rights, in other words reforming the agrarian structure. Land reform, thus, ends up being converted into an instrument to secure human rights. As usually in human rights discourse, responsibility is a key issue. In other words, one must determine what institution should conduct land reform. This essay tries to show that despite the fact that markets have somewhat been claiming for a more active intervention, the state is yet the most eligible institution to do it.

2016-01-01T00:00:00Z Fátima Ferreiro, Maria de /library/oar/handle/123456789/72316 2021-03-26T06:05:52Z 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Towards a political economy of land : reciprocal rights and duties in private property Authors: Fátima Ferreiro, Maria de Abstract: The paper explores some fundamental aspects of a Political Economy of Land such as the definition of rights and duties in legal and ethical terms. The increasing demands of sustainability introduces the need of a critical analysis of this institution with the purpose to explain and improve the present discussion that pursue alternative forms of appropriation and use of natural resources such as land. The responsibility involved in property rights and, thus, its conception in reciprocal terms, is present in some of the most important works of economic thought, namely Classical Political Economy and Old Institutionalism. These theories present important insights to the conception of land and its exploitation. The analysis of the legal rules that define property rights in the Portuguese case stresses the rights and duties involved in property. Besides Law, a Political Economy of Land should consider Ethics, namely Land Ethics. Therefore, the paper presents an essay for the analysis of property rights trough economic, legal and ethical concerns envisaging the design of a Political Economy of Land.

2016-01-01T00:00:00Z Rocha de Sousa, Miguel /library/oar/handle/123456789/72315 2021-03-26T06:05:00Z 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Rawlsian land reform with human capital : a social inclusion process for the landless ‘underdog’ Authors: Rocha de Sousa, Miguel Abstract: Focusing on the concept of Rawlsian-welfare-analysis, we evaluate land reform in a context of human capital. This theoretical and conceptual analysis is applied to the question of equity and social inclusion: our model previews that latifundia will be divided creating either mesofundia or microfundia. The way the social optimum is achieved, and the way we express the social welfare function is new to the literature, as far as we know, no Rawlsian including land reform has been tempted. The Rawlsian welfare function, in a context of uncertainty, corresponds to the max-min criteria. This means that if land is given to the social underdog, then his welfare improves, but the amount of land must be large enough in order to get him out of the poverty trap (human capital defined) threshold. The iteration of this principle to the successive “underdogs” creates the notion of a dynamic social including Rawlsian land reform. Equity can be improved if we look by the planner’s eyes in a Rawlsian way. This analysis then can be expanded to free market analysis, using the Second Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Analysis and market prices can be retrieved by the Negishi procedure. We also present a criticism to Rawlsian land reform, in the form of the least state interventionism, an utmost version of the liberal paradigm, the anarchic one - Nozickian land reform.

2016-01-01T00:00:00Z