/library/oar/handle/123456789/97925 2025-11-06T02:03:45Z 2025-11-06T02:03:45Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/130224 2024-12-30T10:49:31Z 2005-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Meeting the proliferation challenge : the EU WMD strategy Abstract: The EU Strategy Against the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs), adopted by the European Council in December 2003, aims at preventing, deterring, halting and, where possible, eliminating WMD proliferation programmes of concern worldwide. By adopting this Strategy, the European Council has expressed its will that the EU should become a major player m the area of nonproliferation on the international scene. However, measures related to proliferation become dated rapidly and have to be revised regularly. New measures may periodically also have to be created. Therefore, the hypothesis of this thesis is that the various specific measures contemplated by the EU Strategy meet the proliferation challenge with varying degrees of effectiveness. Hence, a detailed analysis of the Strategy is undertaken in order to assess this hypothesis and identify which of the said measures are effective in meeting the proliferation challenge and which require updating or improvement. The first chapter provides a historical overview and outline of the EU Strategy. The historical overview documents the development of the Strategy from the Iraq invasion in March 2003 to its eventual adoption in December 2003 and beyond. The outline examines the three-pillar structure of the Strategy and considers the function of related documents, such as the Progress Reports and List of Priorities. The second chapter proceeds to analyse in detail the specific measures contained in Chapter III of the Strategy and related documents. This chapter outlines the Strategy's strong and weak points and, where applicable, makes recommendations for improvement. The conclusion argues that the EU Strategy has greatly enhanced the EU's international role and influence in respect of WMDs and offers a number of observations and recommendations on how this role and influence could be rendered more effective. Description: FOREIGN THESIS

2005-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/129774 2024-12-10T15:03:30Z 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Pre-trial detention under contemporary European human rights law Abstract: This dissertation presents a study of the concept of pre-trial detention and on all it entails juridically, in the light of the European law on human rights. Some aspects of pre-trial detention have been considered in relative depth, both internationally and comparatively. Consequently, the adequacy of the ECtHR decisions in its quest to safeguard pre-trial detention rights has been critically examined, and some suggestions have been proposed in order to ensure further protection of the right to liberty and security of detainees within European territorial jurisdiction. Description: FOREIGN THESIS

2001-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/101834 2022-09-27T07:41:51Z 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Spatial analysis of temporal criminality evolution : an environmental criminology study of crime in the Maltese Islands Abstract: The study, the first of its kind in the Maltese Islands, reviewed crime in a spatio-temporal aspect based on where offenders live, interact and commit crime. Tue study has sought to develop an understanding of the Maltese Islands' crime within a social and land use structure through the employment of high-end GIS tools. A study at European and Small Islands level resulted in a relative safety-danger dynamic score model that shows that Malta is safe, though progressively decreasing in relative safety. A '10-year analysis depicted increasing crime rates as well as changes in crime categories. Findings highlight a high foreign prisoner component, highly-specific local-offender social situations with residential and poverty clustering. Tue findings show that the Maltese offender is male, young, a recidivist, increasingly less literate, has had a secondary education, single, unemployed and increasingly partaking to serious crimes. Residential analysis show a preference for the harbour region where offenders live in areas characterised by poverty that have disproportionate offender concentrations when compared to their shrinking population concentration. Offences committed by convicted offenders fall within high dwelling concentrations, vacant dwelling concentrations, apartment zones and low population density areas. Offender-offence findings show that Maltese offenders commit crime close to their residence mostly travelling less than 5 km. Reported offence analysis results in high summer rates, with specific weekend to weekday differences, concentrated in a relatively small area within the conurbation with unique hotspots in fringe recreational localities. An analysis of land use categories identified that residential areas host the highest offence counts, particularly serious crimes, whilst retail-related crime activities directly effect neighbourhoods through distance travelled from the retail entity. Outputs from the research include a conceptual model based on the crime, social and land use constructs, a league-table of crime-mapping sites and the creation of a web-enabled Crimemap system for the Maltese Islands. Description: PH.D.LAW

2007-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/99573 2022-07-19T11:01:40Z 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Turk parlamenter sisteminde cumhurbaskaninin rolu Abstract: It is quite normal that Turkish parliamentarian system that is established by 1982 Constitution is different from other parliamentarian systems. What abnormal is not establishing a unique parliamentarian system peculiar to Turkey's own conditions, but it is changing the essence of parliamentarian system. The essence of parliamentarian system is sharing three different powers of state, i.e. Legislation, Executive and Judiciary, among three different organs in order to check and balance each other. Executive power is shared between a President who has symbolic powers and has political and criminal immunity and a Cabinet of Ministers which has the power and responsibility. 1982 Constitution established a two-wing executive branch in accordance whit the classical parliamentarian system. The executive power is shared between with the President and the Government. Nevertheless, this Constitution allocates so many powers to the President that it is incompatible with the status of President in Parliamentarian system as an irresponsible wing of the Executive. That is why the role and power of the President is a subject of discussion among Turkish public and constitutional lawyers. This study examines the role of the President in Turkish parliamentarian system and compatibility of this role whit the classical parliamentarian systems. The first chapter looks at the characteristics of the parliamentarianism. The second chapter examines the powers and responsibility of the President under 1982 Constitution and evaluates the role of President in Turkish parliamentarian system in order to suggest some amendments in the Constitution. Description: M.A.

2004-01-01T00:00:00Z