/library/oar/handle/123456789/18997 2025-12-24T13:31:18Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/99511 Title: Pests and diseases associated with citrus cultivation Abstract: The word "Citrus" is both a common name, used by the layman and also the name of a genus within the family Rutaceae. When used as a common name, the word citrus may refer to fruits that are taxonomically within the genus proper (such as oranges, lemon, grapefruit) and also to closely related fruits in other genera such as kumquats (Genus: Fortunella) (Redford and Trice, 2011). It is suspected that there are only three true species of citrus, these being the Citrus maxima (Pummelo ), Citrus medica (Citron) and Citrus reticulata (Mandarin) (Redford and Trice, 2011). Natural and artificial hybridization between these three primitive species together with hybridization between the hybrids themselves coupled with a high rate of naturally occurring spontaneous mutations is what gave rise to the huge number of Citrus varieties observed around the world, even if many varieties grown today grow true from seeds (Dugo and Di Giacomo, 2002). It is thought that Citrus knows its origin from the Asian region where India borders with Burma and China (Redford and Trice, 2011). Citrus cultivation has been widespread in Asia since antiquity, and throughout the course of history, it extended to all tropical and sub-tropical regions of both hemispheres where they are grown mainly as fruit trees in exploitation of their vast economic and commercial importance. From its original home in the jungles at the foot of the Himalayan mountain range Citrus cultivation was spread by the Arabs during the seventh or eighth century, through Persia and Egypt, onto the coast of the Mediterranean. The Seville or Bitter Orange (Citrus bigaradia Loisel), was probably the first to attract the attention of the Arabs due to the essential oil which was extracted from the flowers and from the rind of the fruit and of the highly fragrant orange-blossom water, which is extracted by distilling the blossoms and is still so much used today. The introduction of the ordinary commercial orange (Citrus aurantium Lin.) is probably due to the Arabian travellers in the tenth century. The Mandarin-Orange (Citrus deliciosa Ten.) is indigenous to Southern China and the Shaddock (Citrus decumana Murr.) is native to India. The Lemon (Citrus limonum Risso) and the Citron (Citrus medica Lin.) are thought to be indigenous to Persia and their introduction in the Mediterranean region has probably preceded that of the orange (Borg, 1922). [...] Description: DIP.AGRICULTURE 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/99507 Title: The role of the front office within agriculture rural and payments agency of the ministry of resources and rural affairs for Malta with respect to farmers' agriculture production Abstract: The Front Office with Agriculture Rural and Payments Agency (ARPA) was established so that it could process requests for aid from European agriculture Funds under Direct Aid schemes both on !and and on animals and other requests for financial aid are through the Rural Development Program. Moreover the Agriculture Rural Payment Agency (ARPA) serves as a catalyst so that the Agriculture Sector is informed with the opportunities and challenges that exist under the CAP reform and how they can achieve success through the correct use of these funds so that the sector can advance and grow while respecting good environmental and farming practices. The Front Office within the Agriculture Rural Payment Agency (ARPA) was set up in August 2009 the aim of the Front Office is to provide each farmer with a high quality response ensuring that queries and objective are dealt with quickly, fairly. Description: DIP.AGRICULTURE 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/99447 Title: The effects of artificial insemination in the Maltese pig production Abstract: The process of artificial insemination (A.I) in swine production was introduced in Malta in 1996. At that time the need to improve production and increase in efficiency was already felt in the pig production. The first attempts were unsuccessful but A.I was still needed in the Maltese islands. In 2010 the Għammieri Centre was opened and has both the boar stud area and the lab where semen can be examined, diluted and prepared in doses. The main aims of this project were to provide the Maltese pig producers with high quality semen and also facilitate the procedure of A.I for in Malta. Four years has passed since the opening of the Għammieri centre and still not all pig producers use A.I for mating purposes, but the majority of producers use it, especially those that have large herds. They found that A.I have positive effects on their production so they use it to improve their production, meet market demand and compete with other producers. Description: DIP.AGRICULTURE 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/98572 Title: Landscape-level farming, agri-environment schemes and biodiversity in the European Union Abstract: In 1992, an EEC Regulation (2078/92) was introduced, requiring all EU member states to apply agri-environment measures according to environmental needs and potential. Agri-environmental schemes are a 'key mechanism' for influencing land management across the European Union (EU) (Woods, 2010, p. 10) and play an important role in EU environmental commitments. EU Member States agreed on a 2050 and 2020 headline target, namely to halt the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystem services in the EU by 2020, and restore them in so far as feasible, while stepping up the EU contribution to averting global biodiversity loss. Key targets of the integrated approach arising from the Agenda 2000 Reform of the CAP included safeguarding biodiversity, and agri-environment schemes are the only mandatory policy instrument for Member States within Axis 2 of the Rural Development policy. Each EU Member State is required to incorporate these targets, complemented with corresponding national targets where necessary, into its own National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. A textual analysis was used, to research the potential of the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) to address biodiversity concerns is explored in this research, the effectiveness of CAP policy's agri-environment schemes at protecting biodiversity, the limitations or barriers of the CAPs agri-environment biodiversity schemes, and how these limitations may be improved upon. Research from there on, made use of a case-study methodology. of landscape-level fanning, how best it can be promoted and what prevents its uptake by fanners There are substantial opportunities - and necessities - given current climatic and environmental factors, to develop agri-environment schemes further, both for their efficiency and effectiveness and for the imperative to promote and protect biodiversity. The role of the fanner in safeguarding biodiversity is critical, due to the loss of biodiversity with agricultural intensification. Description: DIP.AGRICULTURE 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z