/library/oar/handle/123456789/29968 2025-11-11T03:38:24Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/40313 Title: The role of governance and political institutions for budget deficit for low and high income countries : a panel data analysis Authors: Arif, Asma; Hussain, Mujahid Abstract: This study has a major motivation to empirically find the fundamentals of budget deficit instability for the period 1984 to 2016 using panel data set of low and high income countries. All the countries included in the study are reported in the international monetary fund (IMF) Government financial statistic (GFS) and World Bank member countries.This study has tried to empirically evaluate the economic and political sources of budget deficit volatility. This study has tried to empirically evaluate the economic and political sources of budget deficit volatility. This study first estimate the regression model by considering the panel characteristics of the data set and estimate the fixed effects and random effects models. Finally Hausman test is used to make a decision for the best fit model. According to present study institutional variables are very important determinants of budget deficit, both in the regions of low and high income countries. The outcome indicates that the budget is more stable with the higher level of political stability. The Budget deficit has more fluctuations if higher level of corruption coexists. This study contributes to the literature for institutional setup and budget deficit and reached to the conclusion that to avoid high and unstable deficit attention should be diverted to improve institutional setup of the economy. 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/40312 Title: The performance of Islamic rural banks in Indonesia : 2010-2015 Authors: Hosen, Muhamad Nadratuzzaman; Fitria, Sabrina Abstract: This research aims to examine the influence of concentration rate of the four largest full-fledged Islamic commercial banks (BUS) on the performance of Islamic Rural Banks (BPRS) using ordinary least square (OLS) method. The results show that BUS, Islamic Banking Subsidiary (UUS), and BPRS have always been operating within the same financing market of murabaha products and competing for the same Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector. Another result finds that despite the high level of concentration from the four largest BUS, the concentration rate insignificantly affects the profitability level of BPRS. This insignificant influence indicates that BUS, UUS, and BPRS are operating in a monopolistic market. It also proves the efficiency hypothesis in Islamic banking industry in Indonesia. Furthermore, this research confirms the competition-fragility theory where the concentration rate of the largest BUS negatively influences non-performing financing (NPF) rate of BPRS. 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/40310 Title: The international and legal framework for transregionalization of trade and economic cooperation of the BRICS countries Authors: Luzina, T. V.; Dudareva, E. A.; Akhmetshin, E. M.; Yankovskaya, V. V.; Berdova, Y. S.; Emaletdinova, G. E. Abstract: The emergence of a multipolar world is an integral part of the globalization processes. Strategic partnership at the regional, interregional and transregional levels is becoming a new institution and at the same time an instrument of modern international relations. The international and legal framework for the cooperation of BRICS as a transregional association is considered herein. The importance of converging the positions of the BRICS countries in the global political and economic system is emphasized. The research is aimed at the analysis of the international legal foundations of trade and economic cooperation of the BRICS countries within the system of transregional relations, factors, conditions and prospects for development. The measures to enhance and expand mutually beneficial trade and economic partnerships within the framework of BRICS will most effectively utilize their resource, technological, and trade and economic potential, creating the basis for the sustainable growth of the national economy and competitiveness in global development. The practical significance of the study lies in the analysis of the mechanisms of integration of BRICS. The results obtained may be useful in shaping the strategy of trade and economic cooperation within the framework of BRICS. 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/40307 Title: Zakat accounting information system in private higher education Authors: Doktoralina, Caturida Meiwanto; Bahari, Zakaria Abstract: Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam and Muslims must pay it if they meet a certain prerequisite. The obligation to pay zakat among Muslims is stated clearly in the Quran and hadith. This explains that all Muslims are required to pay zakat when meeting certain criteria and they need to declare the zakat compensation as well. However, integrated accounting information in the Zakat Management Organization at the Private Higher Educational Institutions in Indonesia does not exist yet, especially the use of finance data analysis with accounting principles. It may be one of the most important parts of building the trust of the public, especially in increasing the collection and distribution of zakat funds. Accounting information related to zakat is still relatively lacking and ineffective, thus limiting the ability to make a good decision. Based on this issue, this paper has two main research objectives. The first one is to form an Accounting ¸£ÀûÔÚÏßÃâ·Ñ System of Zakat (AISoZ) conceptual framework, which is compatible with Islamic laws. The second one is to identify the general concepts of shariah accounting. This study uses the content analysis method through documentation study. The result of this study will provide the basics for developing the conceptual framework of AISoZ at higher education levels so that all parties can benefit. The conceptual framework of this study can build muzakki and mustahiqq. The Qur'an and Hadith have long applied these elements of information systems and they are suitable for use in all situations. Therefore, people need to cooperate to provide a good zakat service system and to maintain better zakat networks. 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z