/library/oar/handle/123456789/5879 2025-10-25T14:05:41Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/38130 Title: The phases of the translation process: are they always three? Authors: Borg, Claudine Abstract: In general, there is agreement among translation scholars (e.g. Mossop, 2000; Jakobsen, 2002; Englund Dimitrova, 2005) that the translation process is divided into three clear-cut phases, which Mossop (2000) terms as pre-drafting, drafting and post-drafting. In the first phase, the translator gets acquainted with the source text; in the second phase, a full version of the translation is created; and the third phase commences after the translator has produced a first full draft of the translation. This contribution discusses the findings of a recently completed doctoral study (Borg, 2016) which investigated in-depth the coming into being of a whole literary translation. The detailed case study provided a rich description of the evolution of the translation from first draft to publication and analysed thoroughly the different phases the translation went through. It was found that the translation process was composed of five phases and that every phase has a specific pace and particular functions. Thus, it was suggested that Phases 3-5 are phases in their own right and not sub-phases of the post-drafting phase. The findings indicated that the number of phases in the translation process and their length might vary among translators and that this might be linked to their process profile. The results therefore challenge the subdivision of the translation process into three fixed phases. 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/8748 Title: Explicating an English speaking examination : challenges and considerations Authors: Vella Briffa, Patricia Abstract: The assessment of speaking has become increasingly important in most language learning programmes. The Maltese postsecondary context saw the revision of the MATSEC Advanced English syllabus and the subsequent introduction of a speaking component as part of this high-stakes examination . The component's outline in the syllabus provided a degree of latitude but also had certain limitations; however, it was immediately clear that it required further refinement to guarantee a more rigorous speaking assessment. This article discusses the initiative undertaken by a group of lecturers of English at the University of Malta Junior College to explicate the speaking examination outlined in the syllabus. It illustrates how these lecturers positioned themselves as test developers in order to elaborate on the 'what' and 'how' of testing second language speaking at post-secondary level. In discussing various challenges and considerations, this article aims to illustrate some means of enhancing the high-stakes testing of speaking proficiency. 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/8676 Title: Jean-Francois de Villages : a cunous, eighteenth-century gentleman Authors: Micallef, Patricia Abstract: Manuscript 480, conserved at the National Library of Malta, consists of a series of logbooks in French kept by the knight lean-Franrcois de Villages. In the five voyages undertaken, he progresses from a novice-knight to an experienced traveller at the service of the king of France. Particularly during his second and third voyages, Villages gives concise but captivating descriptions of the places of interest visited such as Naples and Florence, together with an artistic appreciation of paintings and artefacts that strike him most. This curious traveller who does not disdain adventure is particularly attracted by the theatre and museums, whose impressions he would like to pass on to posterity. Through his writings, Villages, a French gentleman par excellence, offers the contemporary reader a faithful glimpse of the eighteenth-century culture and mentality. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/8642 Title: Beauty and lack thereof in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century travelogues Authors: Micallef, Patricia Abstract: In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Malta attracted several travellers, eager to discover this small State in the Mediterranean. In spite of the harsh travelling conditions, the traveller did not lose heart and bravely undertook the discovery of the Other, confined to a small island. Strong emotions are felt and judgements are passed, with beauty and ugliness featuring among the most common perceptions that characterize the travelling accounts. 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z