/library/oar/handle/123456789/2066 Wed, 05 Nov 2025 14:43:43 GMT 2025-11-05T14:43:43Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/140553 Title: A critical review of magnesium-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering : properties, production methods, surface treatments, and multiscale evaluation techniques Authors: Chen, Dongfang; Xin, Jie; Yin, Ming; Xu, Man; Chen, Jiahao; Dong, Qiangsheng; Shao, Yi; Wang, Cheng; Chu, Chenglin; Xue, Feng; Yang, Youwen; Giordmaina, Ryan; Buhagiar, Joseph P.; Bai, Jing Abstract: Magnesium-based scaffolds have emerged as promising candidates for bone tissue engineering due to their biodegradability, mechanical compatibility, and osteoconductive property. However, their clinical translation hinges on addressing critical challenges in production, surface treatment, and evaluation. This article presents a systematically synthesized review of recent advancements and future directions across these domains. The findings show that current production methods, including melt processing, powder metallurgy, physical drilling, and additive manufacturing, offer distinct advantages in tailoring pore architecture but face difficulties in harmonizing the structural complexities, mechanical properties, degradation behaviors, and biological responses of scaffolds. Emerging hybrid preparation techniques have the potential to combine the principles and strengths of the aforementioned methods. Surface treatments using conventional coatings are affected by stress concentration effects and hydrogen bubble retention, which cause delamination and interfacial debonding. Surface engineering must prioritize self-healing and reconfigurable coatings that dynamically adapt to microenvironmental cues and thereby stabilize protective films. Traditional assessments fail to capture multiscale interplays, whereas organ-on-a-chip systems and spatially resolved local techniques offer transformative solutions. Advancements in hybrid preparations, self-healing coatings, and multiscale evaluation techniques can overcome the inherent complexities of porous architectures and thus position Mg-based scaffolds as next-generation solutions for orthopedic applications. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT /library/oar/handle/123456789/140553 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/139759 Title: Investigating the formation mechanism of hybrid Zr-based conversion coatings incorporating copper and aminosilane additives Authors: Wei, Dali; Yang, Zhiping; Zhao, Kaili; Buhagiar, Joseph P.; Dong, Qiangsheng; Fu, Hailuo; Qian, Kun; Nie, Xiaolin; Wang, Cheng; Bai, Jing; Xue, Feng Abstract: This study focuses on investigating the growth mechanism of hybrid Zr-based conversion coatings (ZrCC) incorporating copper and aminosilane additives, with the objective of revealing the relationship between their microstructural and macroscopic properties. The electrochemical current noise (ECN) analyses in-situ the promoting effect of copper and aminosilane on the uniform corrosion behavior of the substrate during deposition, as well as to validates their influence on the interfacial morphology between the ZrCC and the substrate. The obtained results indicate that the synergistic effect of copper and aminosilane additives effectively reduces the reduction rate of Cu2+, suppresses the occurrence of localized corrosion, and contributes to maintaining a smooth interface between the substrate and the ZrCC. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–vis DRS provides evidence for the electronic interaction between copper and zirconium oxide species within the conversion coating. The thermal aging resistance of ZrCC is characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with the aim to evaluate the impact of the industrial electro-coating curing process on the structure of the coating. The results demonstrate that the electronic interactions among different species within the hybrid ZrCC plays a crucial role in mitigating dehydration-induced cracking. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT /library/oar/handle/123456789/139759 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/139694 Title: Multi-physics modeling of laser melted magnesium alloy : bridging melt pool dynamics to microstructure evolution Authors: Liu, Junying; Wu, Xuehua; Wang, Dongsheng; Pan, Chunrong; Huang, Renkai; Deng, Fang; Shuai, Cijun; Buhagiar, Joseph P.; Bai, Jing; Yang, Youwen Abstract: Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has revolutionized modern manufacturing by enabling high design freedom, rapid prototyping, and tailored mechanical properties. However, optimizing process parameters remains challenging due to the trial-and-error approaches required to capture subtle parameter-microstructure relationships. This study employed a multi-physics computational framework to investigate the melting and solidification dynamics of magnesium alloy. By integrating the discrete element method for powder bed generation, finite volume method with volume of fluid for melt pool behavior, and phase-field method for microstructural evolution, the critical physical phenomena, including powder melting, molten pool flow, and directional solidification were simulated. The effects of laser power and scanning speed on temperature distribution, melt pool geometry, and dendritic morphology were systematically analyzed. It was revealed that increasing laser power expanded melt pool dimensions and promoted columnar dendritic growth, while high scanning speeds reduced melt pool stability and refined dendritic structures. Furthermore, Marangoni convection and thermal gradients governed solute redistribution, with excessive energy input risking defects such as porosity and elemental evaporation. These insights establish quantitative correlations between process parameters, thermal history, and microstructural characteristics, providing a validated roadmap for LPBF-processed magnesium alloy with tailored performance. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT /library/oar/handle/123456789/139694 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/139690 Title: Effects of plasma surface modification of Mg-2Y-2Zn-1Mn for biomedical applications Authors: Shekargoftar, Masoud; Ravanbakhsh, Samira; de Oliveira, Vinicius Sales; Buhagiar, Joseph P.; Brodusch, Nicolas; Bessette, Stéphanie; Paternoster, Carlo; Witte, Frank; Sarkissian, Andranik; Gauvin, Raynald; Mantovani, Diego Abstract: Magnesium (Mg) alloys have emerged as promising materials for biodegradable implants in orthopedic, oral, and cardiovascular applications. Despite their potential, high corrosion rate, and release of diatomic hydrogen in the surrounding environment remain the unmet challenges. In this research, oxygen plasma ion immersion implantation (O-PIII) was investigated in an attempt to modify the degradation rate of Mg-2Y-2Zn-1Mn alloy. In particular, the effects of pulse duration (tpd) and pressure (p) on the degradation rate were investigated. For all the investigated conditions, plasma treatment enriched the surface chemical composition with O, forming a Mgand Y- rich oxide layer. Mg and Y elements were mainly concentrated at grain boundaries. The concurrent phenomena of sputtering and energetic implantation led to crystalline Y2O3 formation. Electrochemical investigations confirm that the degradation rate of samples decreased significantly, from ~0.23 mm/y for untreated to ~0.07 mm/y for O-PIII conditions. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of O-PIII in changing surface properties and controlling corrosion rate of Mg alloys. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT /library/oar/handle/123456789/139690 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z