/library/oar/handle/123456789/26879 Mon, 22 Dec 2025 07:35:01 GMT 2025-12-22T07:35:01Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/34892 Title: Standards in public life Authors: Chapman, Richard A. Abstract: Most liberal democracies, especially countries in the commonwealth with British traditions, are proud of their high standards in public life. Their systems of government have been developed with considerable care. Citizens in general have high expectations of their politicians and officials, and their expectations have usually been met. The occasional cause celebre has had a salutory educational affect in terms of drawing attention to dangers to be avoided, often in leading to the introduction of new procedures or safeguards, and also a contributory factor in the education of citizens about their systems of government, through focusing attention on what standards to expect and what to condemn. Wed, 01 Jan 1997 00:00:00 GMT /library/oar/handle/123456789/34892 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/34891 Title: Management training : a developing country focus Authors: Khan, Jamal Abstract: This paper seeks to examine the training function in Barbados, specifically the training of executive personnel. It looks at the way in which training is designed, implemented and evaluated. A brief conceptual overview of management development and training is provided. The training function within four organisations is followed through Barbados Employers' Confederation (1988); Barbados Institute of Management and productivity (1990); Caribbean Centre for Development Administration (1983); and the Government Training Centre.(1991}. Of the four, two are in the private sector (Barbados Institute of Management and productivity, and Barbados Employer's Confederation) and the other two are in the public sector (Caribbean Centre for Development Administration, and the Government Training Centre). The interplay of theory and practice is conducted in relation to training policy, training method and posttraining evaluation. Towards the end of the paper, some general assessments are made and certain conclusions are reached. Wed, 01 Jan 1997 00:00:00 GMT /library/oar/handle/123456789/34891 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/34890 Title: The politics of unemployment in Europe Authors: Mullard, Maurice Abstract: In outlining the priorities for the EU at the Florence Summit in June 1996 the President of the Commission Jacques Santer echoed the view of the late Froncois Mitterand and suggested that reducing unemployment had to become the major policy objective for the Union. Mitterand believed that enthusiasm for the principles of the EU was in decline and had to be regained. Reducing unemployment was therefore essential if the EU was to be of direct relevance to the people of the EU. However, there are major disagreements between the EU strategy for reducing unemployment and that being preferred by nation states. Even at the conference in Florence for example the President of the Commission failed to get agreement to use the projected underspend from agriculture for infrastructure projects, instead nation states preferred to use the funds to reduce their own national public sector deficits. The UK Prime Minister John Major, speaking to The Turning Back Group Conservatives on 3 February 1995 echoed the objectives the Governor of the Bank England. The latter ahd suggested that the EMU criteria which tended to concentrate on monetary policy had also to include unemployment as a condition for economic convergence. Whilst the levels of unemployment do represent a major policy challenge to Europe the central concern of this chapter is whether unemployment as an issue is likely to become a major political priority for Europe in the 1990s. It the unemployed are not to become a major social excluded category from European citizenship the objective of reducing unemployment must become a major policy objective for Europe. Wed, 01 Jan 1997 00:00:00 GMT /library/oar/handle/123456789/34890 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/34889 Title: Causes and trends of strike action in European Union countries Authors: Katsanevas, Theodoros Abstract: In the daily reality of modern polycentric societies, strike action expresses the divergence of contrasting interest and expectations. It is "the morning lunch of Parliamentary Democracy" which the mass media frequently endeavours to make it look or sound frightening, especially if there are some violent and blood clashes related to the dispute. Tpe strike, however, is considered to be the most important source of organized labour in its struggle to win concessions. It is "a planned withholding of labour designed to impose union demands on the employer from the employee or to prevent the employer from imposing his demands on the union". Although, there are multiple economic, social, legal and political interpretations, strike action has been defined as "a temporary stoppage of work by a group of employees in order to express a grievance or enforce a demand". An attempt has been made in this paper to determine the dominant influences of unemployment upon industrial disputes, as well as to trace the causes and trends of strikes in Europen Union countries in recent years. The main source of data is from the LLD's "Yearbook of Labour Statistics 1994". The original source of this same data is mainly drawn by the LL.O. from goverment statistical services of the countries included in the study. For reasons of statistical comparability, the use of sources other than the LLD. (except in certain cases) has been avoided. Wed, 01 Jan 1997 00:00:00 GMT /library/oar/handle/123456789/34889 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z