/library/oar/handle/123456789/68531 Wed, 24 Dec 2025 03:49:32 GMT 2025-12-24T03:49:32Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/69509 Title: Identifying rural areas using entrepreneurship indicators : a case study in Greece Authors: Vassiliki, Benaki; Salvati, Luca; Di Bartolomei, Rosanna Abstract: The need for a more comprehensive, multidimensional tool for policy formulation and evaluation became evident when the negative repercussions of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) had to be faced by policy makers in the early 1990s, especially in response to rural depopulation, increasing income inequalities, and environmental degradation problems. Over the last thirty years, agricultural regions in Greece have undergone dramatic structural changes, which in turn have altered their rural identity. Changes in employment composition is an indicator of the transformations taking place in the agricultural sector, and claim for more comprehensive methodologies for rural areas for profiles. The emerging need for developing new methodologies for traditionally rural and rapidly changing regions in Europe, is pertinent to rural policies. This paper comments on the possible use of an original classification criterion based on the entrepreneurial trajectory of rural areas. Aiming at the requirements set by the new EU Rural Development Regulation EC 1698/2005, the existing methodologies are also reviewed, their strengths and weaknesses are presented, and the emerging need for an enhanced tool for rural classification is finally discussed. The classificationtypology is best derived when accounting for variables describing the entrepreneurial activity in rural areas using a flexible and effective response to policy needs (policy targeting and monitoring of rural development). Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT /library/oar/handle/123456789/69509 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/69508 Title: Managerial flexibility in turbulent times of crisis Authors: Monteiro, Joao Carlos; Filipe, Jose António Abstract: The recent change in the global economic environment produced a significant transformation in the conditions that affect managerial decisions. In fact, the increase in globalization led to higher managerial flexibility and a transformation in competition. Additionally, the financial crisis caused a lack of liquidity in financial markets. These circumstances originated a shift in the way investment opportunities should be analysed in global industries. Managerial flexibility can translate itself into expansion to other markets besides the initial ones. This possibility is analysed in the existing literature through real options analysis. In global markets competition is assured by global firms. However, the number of these firms is scarce. Therefore, global competition is made by a limited number of firms. This type of competition is analysed in the existing literature through game theory. The lack of liquidity in financial markets makes financing harder to obtain and exacerbates the conflicts of interests between the different stakeholders of a firm. Such conflicts are studied in the existing literature through agency theory. Therefore, a real options analysis under agency conflicts between equity and debt in the presence of competition is well suited to analyse investment opportunities in the present economic environment. The setting under which such analysis is performed considers two firms in a market that share a growth option to expand its scale of operations for a fixed investment outlay. The firms are financed by both equity and debt and the exercise of the expansion option is financed by an additional equity issue. Cournot-Nash equilibrium is considered and two alternative managerial policies are set: a first-best policy, which maximizes the value of the firm and a second-best policy, which maximizes the value of the equity of the firm. The results obtained with the numerical simulation performed demonstrate that agency costs exist in the presence of competition and lead to an underinvestment situation. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT /library/oar/handle/123456789/69508 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/69506 Title: Remote channels as an opportunity in redesigning Portuguese banks’ business model – an empirical study in Lisbon metropolitan area Authors: Correia de Jesus, Sílvia Maria; Filipe, José António Abstract: Facing an unfavorable economic environment since 2007 the Portuguese banking sector has been unable to generate profitability levels capable of ensuring the industry's attractiveness to investors. The solvency adequacy measures required by regulatory authorities forced the paradigm change in the banking business model. The widespread diffusion of technological innovation in Portuguese society enhances the use of remote banking access channels such as internet banking service (IB) and the ATM, while the traditional branch channel usage is decreasing. A study conducted in the Lisbon area, with 191 responses obtained, revealed that the channels with greater usage intensity are the ATM and IB. It further revealed that there are behavior dimensions on the IB use with direct effect on customer retention. Satisfaction with IB service, perceived switching costs and favorable price perception affect customer retention in their IB service. The findings of this research also confirm that satisfaction with IB service and perceived service price have a direct effect on repurchase intention. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT /library/oar/handle/123456789/69506 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z /library/oar/handle/123456789/69505 Title: Co-leadership and hotel management. The account systems USALI and BSC to improve effectiveness and efficiency. The Portuguese case Authors: Lamelas, Jose; Filipe, Jose António Abstract: In a very competitive, uncertain and very complex environment, it is supposed that changing from a single leader to a leadership team with complementary skills is an evolution that may highly contribute to motivate and to allow a good organizational environment, as well as to get a more effective and efficient system in the organization. This research aims to verify whether or not there is a relationship between the model of co-leadership and the improvement of effectiveness and efficiency in the Portuguese hotel companies. For this purpose, we got answers to 1723 questionnaires, interviews were made, customers' satisfaction was tested, economic and financial performance was studied and specific case studies were made. In the study, the results confirm that the stronger the co-leadership is, the better the effectiveness and the efficiency are. “Co-leadership” and “GOP – Gross Operating Profit” variables are strongly correlated among themselves and with other important indicators of operational effectiveness such as “Organizational Environment”, “Work Motivation” and “Customers' Satisfaction” Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT /library/oar/handle/123456789/69505 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z