OAR@UM Community:

A qualitative analysis of the experience of women who receive a false-positive result at the National Breast Screening Unit

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: A qualitative analysis of the experience of women who receive a false-positive result at the National Breast Screening Unit Abstract: Background: Women's experiences during breast screening appointments significantly influence their future participation. This study explores the impacts of false-positive results on the overall experience of women attending further investigation clinics in the Malta National Breast Screening Unit (MNBSU). Objectives: The objectives were to examine the effects of false-positive results on women’s emotional experiences and their willingness to re-attend future screenings, to assess the differences if any between non-invasive and invasive follow-up procedures, to evaluate perceptions of the screening programme, and to identify strategies to support women during these experiences. Study Design and Approach: A qualitative exploratory approach was adopted to address a gap in local research. Women aged 50–69 who attended further investigation clinics at the MNSBU and received a false positive result were invited to participate. Open-ended semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 consenting participants, and in-depth data was collected. Thematic analysis was undertaken to identify, analyse, and interpret patterns and emerging themes within the data collected, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of participants' experiences. Findings: The findings revealed that further investigation often caused anxiety, fear, and overwhelming emotions, particularly among women undergoing invasive procedures. Despite these challenges, participants expressed relief upon receiving normal outcomes and maintained a positive perception of the screening programme, appreciating its thoroughness and role in early detection. Participant recommendations highlighted the need for faster reporting and results systems, enhanced emotional support during stressful periods, and improved communication to alleviate distress during follow-up assessments. Conclusion and Recommendations: Recommendations for future research and clinical practice; emphasise the need for larger sample sizes, longitudinal studies, and evaluations of support mechanisms to enhance the breast screening experience. Insights into factors influencing re-attendance and long-term psychological effects are also proposed to further improve patient-centred care in breast screening programmes. Description: M.Sc. Radiography(Melit.)

Investigating fetal growth restriction due to placental insufficiency in the 35–40 age group

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Investigating fetal growth restriction due to placental insufficiency in the 35–40 age group Abstract: Purpose: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) due to placental insufficiency is a growing concern, particularly in women of advanced maternal age. With the global trend toward delayed childbearing, it is important to evaluate whether routine screening methods such as umbilical artery Doppler (UAD) should be introduced in this population. Objectives: The study aimed to assess whether UAD measurements can identify FGR risk in women aged 35–40 years; compare UA blood flow parameters between FGR-affected and unaffected pregnancies in this age group; and determine if sociodemographic and obstetric factors influence fetal blood flow. Methodology: A quantitative, prospective, quasi-experimental design was employed, recruiting 198 pregnant women aged 35–40 years in their third trimester from a public general hospital in Malta. Each participant underwent a UAD and fetal biometry scan. A control group of 16 high-risk FGR participants was included for comparison. Participants completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and medical history. Statistical analyses were performed to compare fetal growth parameters between groups. Results: The study revealed statistically significant higher mean pulsatility index, resistance index, and systolic/diastolic ratios in the control group, indicating increased placental insufficiency (p<0.001) in FGR-affected fetuses. Conversely, mean fetal biometrics, including head circumference, abdominal circumference, and estimated fetal weight (EFW) % were significantly higher in the experimental study group (p<0.001). Ethnic differences were observed, with white participants having a higher EFW% compared to other groups (p=0.029). Parity and smoking were the only characteristics that were statistically significantly associated with fetal growth parameters. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that UAD indices were significantly higher in FGRaffected pregnancies in women aged 35–40 years. Although no correlation with maternal age was found, further research should investigate routine Doppler use, personalised monitoring, standardised US techniques, and tailored prenatal care to further explore whether it’s possible to improve detection and management of FGR in this age group. Description: M.Sc. Radiography(Melit.)

Radiographers’ opinion and practice in relation to the justification of radiological medical exposures in Malta

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Radiographers’ opinion and practice in relation to the justification of radiological medical exposures in Malta Abstract: Purpose: To investigate local radiographers’ opinion and practice relating to any role they have in the justification of radiological procedures within the public health service in Malta. Methodology: A prospective, cross-sectional quantitative research design was adopted. A previously published questionnaire was adapted with permission to the local scenario and was distributed amongst a sample of radiographers working at a general hospital and healthcare centres in Malta. Results: Out of 117 distributed questionnaires, fifty-seven were completed, resulting in a response rate of 48.7%. Radiographers identified five main principles of justification: ensuring benefits outweigh risks, verifying adequate clinical information, assessing the impact on patient management and care, considering alternative modalities, and properly timing examinations to avoid unnecessary or duplicate scans. A significant majority (91.22%) felt they played an important role in the justification process, integrating it into their daily workflow. However, only 61.4% reported using referral criteria or guidelines. Key challenges included insufficient clinical information and the influence of traditional medical dominance. Although 88% had received prior training in justification, most expressed a desire for further education through CPD courses or lectures to improve their skills. Conclusions: Justification is key in radiation protection, with local radiographers generally recognizing their crucial role. Given the challenges faced, most participants desired additional training to enhance confidence and their autonomy to better fulfil this role. Implications for practice: While most radiographers were aware of their important role in justification, there seems to be a lack of consensus about the shared roles and responsibilities of the referrer and practitioner, as well as the use of referral guidelines. Respective stakeholders should therefore aim to provide continuing professional development courses and/or training to further enhance practices and procedures relating to the justification of radiological procedures so as to enhance efficacy of services, patient safety and outcomes. Description: B.Sc. (Hons)(Melit.)

Radiography student’s knowledge and attitudes towards Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD)

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Radiography student’s knowledge and attitudes towards Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge that Maltese Radiography students have regarding Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) and investigate potential attitudes that these students may have towards individuals with dementia. Objectives: The study investigated the knowledge of current Radiography students enrolled in their second-, third- and fourth-year of the course regarding ADRD and potential attitudes students may have towards individuals with dementia. The study also explored whether demographics, such as the year of study, previous ADRD training and family member or patient exposure during clinical placements had an impact on the knowledge or attitudes portrayed. Methodology: This study utilised a prospective approach to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of Radiography students. To achieve this, a non-experimental and cross-sectional design was adopted. The target population for this study consisted of all second-, third- and fourth-year students currently undertaking the Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Radiography at a University in Malta throughout the academic year 2023/24. The questionnaire was distributed by the university’s Academic Registrar’s office through the university’s electronic messaging system with a link to the questionnaire used. Results: From a total of 25 students, 24 questionnaires were returned. Results indicated that Maltese Radiography students have adequate ADRD knowledge, achieving a mean Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale score of 20.4 (68%). Students also portrayed a positive attitude towards individuals with dementia, scoring a mean Dementia Attitudes Scale score of 83.58. Moreover, course year, training, household exposure and previous clinical exposure to ADRD were found to influence the knowledge and attitudes portrayed by participants. Conclusion: Based on the data obtained and the conclusions drawn, recommendations were suggested for future research and educational institutions. Although adequate, knowledge and attitudes of radiography students may be further improved through additional dementia care training. Description: B.Sc. (Hons)(Melit.)