The development of the Public Sector Internal Audit and Investigations Department in Malta

Abstract

PURPOSE: This study analysed the development of the IAID which serves as the centralised IAF set up by the Maltese government. The main objectives of the study are to assess how its operational structure has developed throughout the years, to assess how the different audit exercises carried out have changed since its inception, and to examine how the audit approach to such different exercises has changed throughout the years. DESIGN: This qualitative research started off with the analysing of internal documents provided by IAID employees. Since the research takes a historical perspective, further data collection was generated through ten semi structured interviews with past and present IAID employees occupying roles in the top end of the hierarchy. FINDINGS: The findings indicate that over the years, the IAID has made significant developments in terms of its structure by way of transitioning from a decentralised to a centralised and eventually a hybrid approach. Audit exercises have become diverse and wide in scope, with the IAID evolving from only carrying out simple checks to providing detailed value-adding reports on both public and EU funds. In addition, the study also shows the refinement in audit approaches from a transaction-based approach to a system-based approach and finally to a risk-based approach. In recent years, a concerning downfall in the IAID is apparent mainly due to the inability to retain staff. Consequently, the IAID seems to have neglected the IA of public funds and focused its remaining resources to meet its mandatory EU fund related deadlines. CONCLUSIONS: Whilst notable advancements have been made throughout the IAID in the last twenty years, high staff turnover and the inability to retain staff in the long term has resulted in the downfall of the IAID. It is of utmost importance that the main issues are addressed, as the Maltese government finds itself in a position where it operates without an effective IAF. VALUE: This study shows the main development stages that the IAID underwent throughout its lifetime as well as the main flaws which resulted in the department to be in its downfall phase. It is hoped that as a result of the recommendations provided, the IAID bounces back so as to live up to its vital role in the local scenario.