Tiny invaders from shore to policy : investigating microplastic pollution on Maltese Island

Abstract

Plastic pollution has become a major issue due to poor management of industrial waste and household items. This pollution, if not managed properly, can make its way into the oceans. There, large plastic pieces degrade into tiny particles known as microplastic (LMPs), defined as smaller than 5mm according to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFG). The increasing effects of plastic pollution are becoming more apparent due to their environmental impact and harm to marine ecosystems. Recently, plastics have also been found in the human bloodstream. This study aims to measure the presence of microplastics on Riviera Beach in Malta, utilizing the MSFD guidelines to classify primary and secondary plastics as LMPs. Techniques include the Andromeda app and the mlRoGun 4.0 infra-red scanner from the University of Malta to parametrize and quantify the extracted microplastics as well as analyze the polymer types. This research seeks to highlight the issue and promote policy changes to reduce plastic waste entering the ocean, increase awareness of microplastics, and mitigate their environmental effects. Recommendations will be provided to decrease microplastic levels on land and sea, fostering better organization and policy enforcement.