The role of artificial intelligence and internet of things in diabetes management

Abstract

As artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) continue to transform modern healthcare, their application in chronic disease management is rapidly expanding. This dissertation explores how AI-driven algorithms and IoT-enabled devices, specifically the Dexcom Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) system, are reshaping the management of diabetes in Malta. The research investigates three core objectives: assessing the effectiveness of AI for predictive glucose control, evaluating the usability of IoT technologies, and identifying ethical, technical, and connectivity-related challenges associated with their adoption. A quantitative approach was employed through an online survey distributed to Dexcom users, generating 200 responses. The survey gathered demographic data, behavioural patterns, clinical outcomes (such as changes in HbA1c), and user perceptions of trust, convenience, and data privacy. The results revealed that Dexcom is widely perceived as a valuable and reliable tool, with 68% of participants reporting positive lifestyle changes, particularly in dietary habits. Despite generally high satisfaction, concerns were raised around device connectivity and clarity on data usage, highlighting areas for further development. This study contributes to existing literature by offering real-world insights into the lived experiences of AI and IoT users in diabetes care, underlining both the transformative potential and practical limitations of digital health technologies. The findings also provide actionable guidance for developers, healthcare providers, and policymakers aiming to enhance patient-centred innovation in chronic disease management.