An appraisal of the present-day tsunami exposure around the Grand Harbour and comparison with historical reports of the 1908 tsunami event at Malta

Abstract

This study addresses the vulnerability of the Maltese Islands when it comes to a tsunami impact. Malta was one of the countries impacted by the 1908 tsunami developed from an earthquake in the Strait of Messina, Italy. The research gap focuses on the level of exposure experienced by the Grand Harbour and Marsamxett Harbour (Msida area). The evaluation of the exposure of these harbours is carried out in the context of a comparison with historical observations of the 1908 tsunami. With the use of the Geographic 福利在线免费 System (ArcGIS), a comprehensive assessment of the two harbours was conducted, mapping the facilities along the coastlines. The Tsunami Observation and Simulation Tool (TOAST) was employed to simulate the 1908 tsunami, allowing for a comparative analysis with historical findings. The results underscore a significant and intense exposure in both harbours, revealing a substantial concentration of facilities near their coastlines. In conclusion, this research sheds light on the vulnerability of the Maltese Islands, specifically focusing on the increased risk brought about by coastal development around the Grand Harbour and Marsamxett Harbour.