Identifying and quantifying user conflicts within the Marine Protected Area (MT101) of the Maltese Islands

Abstract

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are essential for preserving marine biodiversity, yet they face challenges from various human pressures, including vessel activities. This study examines the impact of vessel density on the Southwest Marine Protected Area (MPA) in Malta, known as MT0000101. Vessel activities, including anchoring, mooring, and discharge, pose significant threats to benthic habitats such as sandbanks and seagrass meadows. Despite protective measures, vessels continue to frequent these MPAs, raising concerns about habitat degradation. Using data spanning from 2017 to 2022, this research analyses vessel density distribution and its implications for marine habitats within MPA MT0000101. Results reveal distinct patterns of vessel activity, with passenger vessels showing consistent high impacts along bay areas and fishing vessels demonstrating dispersed yet intensified presence. Proposed mitigation measures include enhanced enforcement of MPA regulations and habitat-specific management strategies. The findings emphasise the importance of collaborative efforts among stakeholders to ensure the long-term sustainability of marine ecosystems within MPA MT0000101. This study contributes valuable insights into the understanding of vessel impacts on MPAs and provides guidance for conservation and management strategies in similar marine environments globally.