Transformation of a beekeeping farm as a unique family business model : insights from Poland

Abstract

PURPOSE: The article's main goal is to assess the development potential of beekeeping farms and identify the main barriers accompanying it in Polish zonal conditions.

DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: In Poland, there is a clear regional differentiation of individual components characterizing the beekeeping sector - the number of bee colonies, obtained bee products, or people running apiaries is growing. Visible changes also appeared over the years under study (2015-2020) in terms of honey yield and price, species diversity of bee products, and the periods of honey bee collection. Among most surveyed beekeepers, recent years have resulted in implementing many innovative solutions in methods and production processes, products offered, forms, and sales channels.

FINDINGS: Research on bee farms in the years 2015–2020 indicates a systematic increase in the number of bees and a broadening of beekeeping practices, which shows a growing interest in the traditional craft of beekeeping. The modernisation of production methods, while maintaining traditional principles, has contributed to the increase in the efficiency of apiaries and the diversification of bee products on offer. Adaptation to changing climatic and market conditions, including through the modification of harvesting periods and the expansion of sales channels, confirms the sector's flexibility. Despite the organisational, financial and demographic barriers, the prospects for the development of beekeeping remain optimistic. A key element of further development is integrated institutional support, which, together with the cultivation of family traditions, enables the harmonious combination of experience with modern solutions.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The study demonstrates a significant increase in the average number of bee colonies per apiary, underscoring the need for enhanced management practices that can effectively handle rapid expansion. Diversification of bee products beyond traditional honey production opens new avenues for value addition and market expansion, thereby improving the economic resilience of family-run apiaries. Legislative changes and evolving consumer preferences are reshaping sales channels, which necessitates a strategic integration of both conventional and digital marketing approaches. Finally, these practical implications highlight the critical role of targeted advisory services and supportive policies in ensuring the long-term sustainability and profitability of Polish apiary farms.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The motives guiding the modern apiary management process are mainly hobby-related, resulting from the continuation of multi-generational family traditions and less frequently from economic reasons.