Comparing wader species foraging behaviour at the newly restored wetland and saltpans in Salina Nature Reserve, Malta

Abstract

Wetlands and saltpans are critical habitats for migratory birds, providing essential stopover sites for foraging and roosting during migration. This study investigates the habitat preferences and foraging behaviours of a specific group of birds, namely waders, at the Salina Nature Reserve, Malta, focusing on the newly restored wetland and historically established saltpans. Through a combination of point count surveys, probing event counts, focal observations, and camera trap monitoring, the study assessed the distribution and feeding activities of five wader species: the common sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos), little ringed plover (Charadrius dubius), little stint (Calidris minuta), dunlin (Calidris alpina), and black-winged stilt (Himantopus himantopus). Results revealed distinct habitat preferences, with the little ringed plover favouring the wetland, while the little stint and dunlin predominantly utilized the saltpans. The common sandpiper exhibited flexibility, foraging in both habitats but with slightly higher activity in the saltpans. Particularly the presence of predators such as feral cats, were also observed, highlighting the need for effective predator management strategies. The findings underscore the complementary roles of supporting wader populations and emphasize the importance of maintaining both habitats for biodiversity conservation. This study provides valuable insights for the management of the Salina Nature Reserve, advocating for balanced habitat restoration, predator control, and ongoing monitoring to ensure the long-term sustainability of wader populations in the face of environmental changes.