Perceptions of artificial intelligence among accountants in Malta

Abstract

PURPOSE: This research evaluates the familiarity and attitudes of accountants in Malta towards artificial intelligence (AI), identifying how individual attributes influence these perceptions, and addressing a local research gap to inform stakeholders about necessary strategic responses. DESIGN: A quantitative approach was adopted, employing an online questionnaire distributed to accounting professionals in Malta. A total of 192 accountants participated. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics to assess relationships between demographic variables and perceptions of AI. FINDINGS: While there is general optimism regarding AI's potential for enhancing accounting practices, familiarity with and usage of AI was found to be limited. The idea that AI integration will lead to job displacement was refuted by accountants, however, findings show that other substantial concerns persist, notably regarding ethics, lack of awareness of AI regulations and most prominently the limited access to AI education and training. Notably, individual characteristics significantly influenced both familiarity with and attitudes towards AI, highlighting the importance of professional context and experiential factors over educational backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS: Although AI technologies have started to influence Malta's accounting profession, widespread integration remains limited. Moreover, despite the perceived optimism, adoption is currently hindered by limited practical exposure, insufficient training opportunities, and concerns regarding ethical implications and regulatory uncertainties. All in all, Malta seems to be somewhat behind in adopting AI in the accounting profession, highlighting the need for actions to bridge current gaps in familiarity, knowledge, and usage. IMPLICATIONS: These findings imply that educational institutions, professional accounting bodies, and businesses must prioritise targeted AI training programs and ethical guidelines to facilitate AI adoption effectively. Addressing accountants' concerns proactively will enhance acceptance and promote the integration of AI within Malta's accounting sector, hence contributing to broader economic innovation and competitiveness.