Next-generation sustainable shipping : a bibliographic analysis of alternative fuels in maritime systems

Abstract

The shipping industry is responsible for nearly 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions and is facing increasing pressure to adopt low-carbon and zero-carbon technologies. This paper examines the potential of hydrogen and ammonia as alternative fuels for maritime decarbonization through a bibliographic analysis of literature spanning 2000 to 2024. This paper identifies research trends, regional contributions, and thematic clusters while critically assessing scalability, safety, and infrastructure readiness. Key insights emphasize the importance of integrating advanced technologies, such as IoT systems and predictive analytics, along with innovative policy measures to address barriers and accelerate adoption. Actionable recommendations have been proposed to foster global collaboration, develop robust infrastructure, and leverage advanced technologies to enable sustainable maritime systems.