The role of internal and external factors in the implementation of industry 4.0 principles

Abstract

PURPOSE: This study aims to identify to draw attention to the role of internal and external conditions in the process of implementing the assumptions of the IR 4.0 era.

APPROACH/METHODOLOGY/DESIGN: Based on a structured and standardized survey questionnaire, the survey was conducted using the CATI technique from April to May 2024 among owners of micro and small enterprises operating in Poland.

FINDINGS: The results indicate that, the effectiveness of enterprises in the IR 4.0 era depends on many conditions, not only technological, but also social. This is a prerequisite, as consumer needs dictate restrictive conditions for managers in the IR 4.0 era, while at the same time directing a shift in thinking towards openness, not only in terms of manufacturing and logistics approaches, but also in terms of management.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The results of the study may serve as a guide for small and medium-sized enterprises located in Poland and the EU.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The study identified external and internal conditions important for the development of IR 4.0 that influence implementation in the companies surveyed.