The knowledge of and attitudes towards epilepsy amongst University students in Malta

Abstract

Epilepsy is the most comnon serious neurological condition and is characterised by recurrent unprovoked seizures caused by brain dysfunction. Approximately 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy and roughly 5% of the global 'population will have at least one seizure throughout their life (WHO, 2001). However, despite modem scientific advances in the diagnosis and therapy of epilepsy, individuals with epilepsy are often subject to discrimination, stigma or rejection in the society. Moreover, the unpredictability of seizures in terms of their nature, timing, severity, and the situations in which they occur also cause difficulties for people with epilepsy (PWE) from leading an active social life. Nonetheless; as suggested by numerous studies, it is believed that measuring the knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy in a society is a necessary initial step in ameliorating the understanding and eliminating discrimination surrounding this condition, thus improving the quality of life of these individuals. The aim of the study was to explore the knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy in undergraduate students reading for the degree of Bachelor of Education (B. Ed.) in Primary studies at the University of Malta. By using a descriptive design, a thirty eight item self administered questionnaire was delivered to a convenience sample of 36 second and third year students. The results showed that even though all the respondents claimed to know about epilepsy, there were significant deficits in terms of familiarity and specific knowledge about epilepsy (appropriate management of seizures, aetiology and prevalence of epilepsy). Moreover, the majority of respondents considered epilepsy as a condition from which people rarely recover and which hinders employment eligibility. Responses to a series of attitude related questions and statements indicated that while most held favourable attitudes, some objected to a relative from marrying someone with epilepsy or would not disclose a relative's epilepsy. Three respondents were reluctant to teach a student with epilepsy in their future career as school teachers. Furthermore, a considerable proportion believed that PWE are more likely to have belligerent and antisocial traits than others. These responses were predominantly influenced by participants' previous experience with epilepsy in terms of seizures. Nevertheless, the findings disclosed by this study compare favourably with those presented in similar surveys concerning students' perceptions about epilepsy, and provide a useful starting point for future population-based surveys and educational campaigns in Malta.