The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in Europe

Abstract

This chapter set out to present a comprehensive review on the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among 5–18-year-olds living in Europe. The review was based on studies published between 2015 and 2020. Separate meta-analyses were conducted for population studies and register-based studies to determine the random effects pooled prevalence rate (REPPR) for ASD. The European REPPR for ASD among young people was estimated at 0.8% based on register-based studies and 1.4% based on population. Comparative analysis was carried out to identify trends of prevalence rates across countries, gender, and level of education. The prevalence among primary school children was four times that of secondary school children. A male: female ratio of 3.5:1 was obtained. A range of challenges toward young people with ASD are portrayed, including diagnostic limitations, poor awareness on ASD, and socioeconomic inequality. Nationwide screening, early intervention services, and further research on gender and culture-specific presentations are recommended.